The symptoms of diabetes are a set of specific clinical manifestations for a certain disease, which shows that doctors and patients come to the occurrence or progression of the pathological process.
Diabetes is recognized as one of the most common diseases in the world, today 350 million people around the world have suffered. According to statistics, in just two decades, the number of cases increased more than 10 times. About 90% of these people - the second type diabetes.
If you identify the disease in the early stages, you can avoid a large number of serious complications. That is why it is important to know what indicates the onset of the disease and the way a person needs to be checked to control this serious endocrine disease.
The manifestation of diabetes does not depend on its type. The human body can understand when a sufficient energy level stops from glucose needed in this case, in the results of violating its metabolism, and it is still a lot in the blood, causing unruly harmful effects on systems and organs. The metabolic processes that are disturbed in the body are provided by insulin deficiency, responsible for glucose metabolism. But the characteristics of the pathology of diabetes are the first and the second have a significant difference, so it is necessary to know exactly the symptoms of each of them.
Main symptomsThe lack of insulin in the blood or reducing the sensitivity of insulin -dependent cells with the effect of insulin in the body leads to blood glucose levels. In addition to this symptom, considered the main diabetes, there are other signs detected during the patient's medical observation process. If the smallest doubt about the presence of this disease occurs, it is worth looking for medical help, because the disease is early detection can be treated, and in the modern world, even children at school have begun to have diabetes.
The first manifestationsAs the first manifestation of diabetes, doctors call some specific symptoms. In diabetes, the patient always has multiple urinary tract - fast and abundant urination, glycemia and glucose level in urine. It is wedge glucos that is the cause of liquid absorption by kidney structures. Polyuria always comes with thirst in which a person can consume up to 10 liters of liquid daily.
Although consuming a lot of liquids, it continues to feel dry mouth. In the case of diabetes of the second type, along with thirst, a feeling of constant hunger appears. This is due to the fact that insulin is produced by pancreas in large amounts of blood circulation and is not used for its purpose, bringing brain signals of hunger.
A high level of glycemia causes serious harm to the body. Damage to nerve fibers leads to the appearance of diabetic nerve disease. The first sign of such a complication is the paralysis of the fingers of the feet and hands and the appearance of a strong pain in the limbs. If you start acting according to the level of glucose in the blood in a timely manner, the development of this process may be stopped and the pain syndrome if you do not stop at all, it will not be so affected. However, if you miss the beginning of the progression of pathology, you can wait for very serious consequences - intense pain, conservation, trophic ulcer and other things.
With damage to the high glycemia of the eye vessels, Angiopathy disease is developed by diabetes. At first, the disease is manifested by a sense of cloud with high levels of glucose in the blood, then reducing vision and even completely blinded in the absence of treatment. The appearance of any above symptoms, and even more than their complexity, should force patients to be urgently checked to detect insulin deficiency.
External expressionAmong the external signs there are also signs that indicate the appearance of insulin resistance and high glycemia. For example, such a symptom may be a strong development of dry, itchy and peeling skin. It is especially important to pay attention to such skin manifestations to the context of thirst. In addition, with diabetes, itching occurs very often on the mucous mucous mucous membrane, due to the discomfort of glucose in urine. There is no discharge at the same time, it is a special feature of diabetes.
In addition, strong weight loss is a signal on the first type of diabetes. In this case, some other pathological symptoms need to be observed so as not to draw conclusions in a hurry. Obesity and excessive body weight are not a symptom of diabetes of the second type, but may act as its cause. In any case, if a person's weight is changing quickly in any direction without a clear reason, it is worth paying attention to this and undergo an examination of a doctor.
Symptoms of diabetesThe first typeThe first type diabetes is very fast in its development. He has his own specific manifestations should be paid.
Patients with increased appetite in his history, but he only lost weight, exhausted, and drowsiness. Regularly urge not to allow the toilet at night calmly, forcing them to wake up many times. The amount of urine in this case increases significantly, when the feeling of thirst progresses.
Such symptoms cannot be noticed, as it occurs very strong and sudden. It comes with nausea, vomiting and serious discomfort. It is especially important to pay attention to the constant urge to the toilet at night in children, if this is not previously observed.
The main problem of diabetes of the first type is that glucose levels can also increase in the blood and decline sharply. Both states are dangerous to health and have their own characteristics and expressions, must be carefully monitored.
Second typeThe most common is the second type of diabetes. Its manifestations are very diverse, they appear gradually, so it is difficult to catch and realize them immediately. Mild symptoms often do not lead to the fact that one person, discovered it at home, began to immediately emit the alarm bell.
The second type of diabetes is characterized by the appearance of dry mouth, thirst, abundant urination, weight loss, fatigue, weakness and drowsiness. A characteristic of this disease in the early stages is the presence of tingling in the fingers and numbness of the limbs, the Hypertonic manifestation, the appearance of infectious processes in the urinary system. Similarly, the first type of diabetes of the patient may be disturbed by nausea and vomiting, dryness and itching, and skin infections.
It is important to remember that the gradual development of symptoms leads to the development of the disease. Diabetes in the next stage there are many appearance of Comlar Hyperosmolar, lactoacidosis, ketoacidosis, hypoglycemia, gaining motivation for a few hours and can even lead to patients' deaths. In addition, as a result of progressive diabetes, patients often have serious vision problems, then lead to complete blindness, kidney failure or heart failure, pathology of blood and nervous vascular systems.
When pregnantGestational diabetes rarely is manifested by some specific external signs. Typically, its presence is discovered with planned exams that are performed regularly for pregnant women. The main indicators are data from blood and urine tests.
In the presence of external signs of pregnancy, all are very similar to the symptoms of diabetes of the first two types - nausea, vomiting, weakness, thirst, infection in the genital system is not a sign of toxicity and other pathology.
The form of pregnancy of direct threat to the life of a mother or child does not carry, but it can affect the process of common pregnancy, the injustice of the future mother and the fetus.
High blood content in glucose leads to the birth of a baby with high weight (more than 4 kg), in the future will be a prerequisite for obesity or diabetes incidence of all ages. A delay in the development of a child, hypoglycemia, jaundice in the first pores of the newborn life can also be expressed.
Signs of complicationsDiabetes feetDiabetes feet in medicine are understood as a comprehensive change in surgery and function in the tissues of the far parts of the lower limbs in patients with diabetes. This is the most formidable complication of the pathology being considered, often leading to gagging, amputated and disabled.
If you have a history of diabetes in the health state of your legs, you need to be monitored very carefully. There are three main types of diabetes feet: nerves (dominant nerve lesions), ischemia (the main lesions of blood vessels and blood flow disorders), mixed.
Among the patient's complaints in front of diabetics, experts distinguish discomfort, burning and sensory stitches, goosebumps, and discharge sensation. If such symptoms disappear when walking, this shows the beginning of the development of the nerve form of diabetics. It is also important to pay attention if the sensitivity disappears periodically. If the painful feelings arise directly when walking or at night (you can only reassure by bringing the limbs from the edge of the bed), this means the beginning of the development of ischemic form of diabetes called ischemic legs.
Among the signs showing the beginning of the development of the foot of diabetes, experts distinguish skin on the legs or the appearance of pigment spots, peeling and dry skin in this area of small fractures on the feet. If a person informs at least a few such signs, he should urgently seek medical help.
Signs of retinopathyDiabetes eye is manifested by a change in the blood vessels in the retina, leading to a violation of the circulatory in it. Such a violation leads to the appearance of diabetic retinopathy. Such complications grow gradually and even in the later period, it can be almost invisible to one person.
The main sign of diabetic retinopathy is:
The appearance of "flies" before the eyes;
dim vision;
Reduce vision in the following stages;
Bleeding in glass and retina.
In this case, diabetics may be manifested in two main forms - not not retina retina. With the following pathology, the pathological concern, first of all, the retina. In the case of violations in the capillary circuits of the retina, hemorrhage, retinal swelling and deposition of metabolic products occur. The disease from retinoper is characteristic of elderly patients with diabetes. It causes a decrease in vision.
On the basis of the platform, retinopathy is developing if the deficiency of Osigal support will increase. In this case, there is a pathological formation of new blood vessels sprouting from the retina into a glass body. This process leads to hemorrhage in a lens body and a strong progression of vision in a person and is not reversible blind. In teenagers, the conversion of complications from one form to another may occur for a few months, after which the separation of the retina and the loss of vision will occur.
Signs of brain diseaseDiabetes occurs as a complication of diabetes, caused by degenerative damage to the brain. The incidence of brain disease depends directly on diabetes and its symptoms - during the time of the disease and its severity. It belongs to late complications and manifested for 10-15 years after the manifestation of diabetes.
The immediate cause of the development of brain disease is the typical metabolic disorders of diabetes, leading to damage to brain tissue and blood vessels. The above processes lead to brain activity violations, reducing cognitive functions. The development of brain disease is very slow, leading to difficulties in detecting its symptoms in the early stages.
The main symptoms of diabetes are:
headache and dizziness;
Emotional instability, high fatigue, sleep disorders and other neurological disorders;
The instability of human gait;
The division of objects when looking at them, the pattern of the vision, the blink of the "flies" before the eyes;
mental disorders, depression;
Concerned consciousness;
impaired mental activities, memory, and concentration;
stroke, transient ischemic attacks, other diseases of brain circulation;
The appearance of convulsions.
In the early stages, there is no complication of the clinic and with the development of brain disease, the symptoms begin to appear more clearly. Symptoms are identical to both types of diabetes.
Diabetes are regularly atherosclerosis, artery hypertension and obesity. Regarding the pride of blood vessels in the case of atherosclerosis, the risk of stroke due to ischemia and heart attack increases. In the case of violations of the circulatory in the kidneys, the kidney failure cannot be reversed, eventually leading to the complete end of the kidney function. This turns it, resulting in the need to treat kidney failure by lifetime dialysis.
Interest disease with diabetesDiabetes means serious weakening metabolic processes in the body of a patient with diabetes. A coma can occur both with a strong increase, and a decrease in blood sugar levels.
This condition requires emergency medical care, because when absent, serious complications and even death are possible.
A coma develops in stages, but quite fast. The first sign of the Luu can be a fictional state, the rapid development of blood sugar, nausea and vomiting, drowsiness, abdominal pain every day or more before coma immediately. Another symptom of diabetics may be the spicy acetone smell from the patient's mouth. Sensitivity can also occur in convulsions, thirst, thirst.
With coma hypoglycemia, blood sugar levels drop sharply. Indicators can reach the brand 2, 5 mmol per liter and below. Among the clear symptoms of such a coma, unreasonable anxiety, fear of patients, feeling weak, cramping, reducing blood pressure and losing outstanding consciousness. The precursors of the appearance of hypoglycemic coma may be:
general instability;
Lack of appetite;
diarrhea or constipation;
Dizziness, headache, tachycardia.
Lack of support in this state can lead to extremely serious consequences. Since coma hypoglycemia has grown rapidly, the support provided must be urgent.
The blood pressure dropped sharply in patients, weakening the consequences and softness of the eyeball may show a sharp decrease in blood pressure. Only one qualified doctor can bring a person to his senses in this situation, so an ambulance call should follow as soon as possible.
Laboratory signsYou can only find a patient's diagnosis after all the laboratory tests. Any laboratory test for diabetes is aimed at determining blood sugar indicators.
It is possible to accidentally identify blood sugar with a person's mass test before hospitalization or emergency determination of other indicators.
The most common is blood test for sugar, when hungry. Before delivery, nothing can eat for 8-12 hours. In addition, you can drink alcohol and you can smoke an hour before donating blood. The level of up to 5, 5 mmol per liter will be considered a normal indicator. If the indicator is 7 mmol per liter, the patient will be sent for additional examination. For this purpose, they are tested for glucose tolerance. For this, the patient donated blood when he was hungry, then he drank a glass of water with sugar (75 grams for an adult in 200 ml of water) and 2 hours later he used blood tests.
If the body is in normal condition, the first analysis will show the result of up to 5, 5 mmol per liter and second - up to 7, 8 mmol per liter. If the indicators are within the range, respectively, 5, 5-6, 7 and 7, 8-11, 1 mmol per liter, this will allow the doctors to talk about the development of patient money in the patient. The indicators exceed these figures showing diabetes.
It is also the practice to conduct a study of hemoglobin glycated, proving the average value of glucose in humans in the past 3 months of life. The norm is the index below 5, 7%. If the value is in the range of 5, 7-6, 4%, this shows that there is a risk of type 2 diabetes. In this case, measures should be discussed with a doctor to reduce such risk. If the level of hemoglobin glycated is more than 6, 5%, diagnosis is likely, but it needs to be confirmed. The recommendation of glycated hemoglobin in people with diabetes is less than 7%, if this level is higher, it is necessary to discuss the situation with your participating doctor. It should be noted that the level of hemoglobin glycated above 7% may be estimated by the doctor to be optimal.
Symptoms of a childDiabetes can manifest at any age, including early children. Even the newborn's diabetes is found. This is a rare case of congenital nature of the disease. Usually, manifest in children accounts for 6-12 years. Children's metabolic processes during this period are much faster and the condition of the nervous system is not created, which can affect the level of blood glucose. The younger the baby, the more complex the baby's diabetes.
Among the main symptoms that parents need to pay attention to not missing the development of diabetes in children, the doctors distinguish:
Thirst and dry mouth;
nausea with vomiting;
Frequent urination with the adhesion of urine;
Lose weight and appetite at the same time;
A reduction of vision;
High fatigue, weak and uncomfortable.
If a child has at least one of the above symptoms, this is the reason to find a doctor. If some symptoms are detected, and a doctor should immediately.
Also among children's symptoms, typical and typical signs of diabetes may occur. Doctors assign typical symptoms that children's parents often confuse with an uncontrolled mini -related urine, polydipsy, polymorphism, dry and itchy skin, itching of the genitals after urinating, blood sugar is more than 5, 5 per liter per liter when blood tests. Timely diagnosis in case of suspicion will help determine the disease in the early stages and start the necessary treatment, this will not allow complications to develop.
Determine diabetes at homeThe process of diabetes may be completely asymptomatic. It can be randomly determined when visiting the doctor or any other doctor. However, there are many signs that the presence of pathology can be independent. Moreover, at home, you can establish exactly the type of disease.
With a healthy body, after eating in the blood, the amount of sugar increases. After 2-3 hours later, this indicator will return to its original boundary. If this does not happen, one has some symptoms that cannot be noticed. This has been considered dry, thirsty, urinated very often and abundant, increasing appetite, indifference, cramps, and crystal of consciousness. Gradually, a person began to notice the dryness of the skin, which was previously not shown.
Also at home, you may suspect the appearance of diabetes with different strange feelings that a person has never seen before. In the second type of diabetes, this is the healing of wounds and poor scratches, the development of obesity. In the first type of pathology, one person, on the contrary, can lose weight strongly, although appetite is quite high. In addition, with all kinds of diseases, itchy skin can occur, hair growth on the face, the formation of xanth (small yellow growth on the skin), hair loss in the limbs and others.
Timely determine the signs of diabetes will cause a doctor.
Only when you start treating diabetes in the early stages can we hope to compensate for the disease and the quality of normal life in the future.
